The 24-year-old retired while trailing Pablo Cuevas 6-3 4-6 2-4 during his third round match at Indian Wells earlier this week.
“Unfortunately I have to pull out from Miami. Hopefully I will be 100 percent again on the clay in Europe,” Thiem said on his official Instagram account.
Thiem joins a list of top players, including Rafael Nadal and Stan Wawrinka, to withdraw from the Miami Open, which is held from March 21 to April 1.